E4TF1 was originally identified as one of the transcription factors responsible for adenovirus E4 gene transcription. It is composed of two subunits, a DNA binding protein with a molecular mass of 60 kDa and a 53-kDa transcription-activating protein. Heterodimerization of these two subunits is essential for the protein to function as a transcription factor. In this study, we identified a new E4TF1 subunit, designated E4TF1-47, which has no DNA binding activity but can associate with E4TF1-60. We then cloned the cDNAs for each of the E4TF1 subunits. E4TF1 was purified, and the partial amino acid sequence of each subunit was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of each cDNA clone revealed that E4TF1-60 had an ETS domain, which is a DNA binding domain common to ets-related transcription factors. E4TF1-53 had four tandemly repeated notch-ankyrin motifs. The putative cDNA of E4TF1-47 coded almost the same amino acid sequences as E4TF1-53. Three hundred and thirty-two amino acids of the N termini of E4TF1-47 and -53 were identical except for one amino acid insertion in E4TF1-53, and they differ from each other at the C terminus. These three recombinant cDNA clones were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the proteins behaved in the same manner as purified proteins in a gel retardation assay. Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were highly homologous to GABP-alpha and -beta, which is further supported by the observation that GABP-specific antibody can recognize human E4TF1.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
Evidence
1:
Inferred from Physical InteractionIntAct
Transcription of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) immediate early (IE) genes is determined by multiprotein enhancer complexes. The core enhancer assembly requires the interactions of the POU-homeodomain protein Oct-1, the viral transactivator alphaTIF and the cellular factor C1 (HCF). In this context, the C1 factor interacts with each protein to assemble the stable enhancer complex. In addition, the IE enhancer cores contain adjacent binding sites for other cellular transcription factors such as Sp1 and GA-binding protein (GABP). In this study, a direct interaction of the C1 factor with GABP is demonstrated, defining the C1 factor as the critical coordinator of the enhancer complex assembly. In addition, mutations that reduce the GABP transactivation potential also impair the C1-GABP interaction, indicating that the C1 factor functions as a novel coactivator of GABP-mediated transcription. The interaction and coordinated assembly of the enhancer proteins by the C1 factor may be critical for the regulation of the HSV lytic-latent cycle.
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 35208-35215 (1998)[PubMed:9857059]
Arg-Ser-rich domain-containing proteins (SR proteins), a family of splicing factors, can regulate pre-mRNA alternative splicing in a concentration dependent manner. Thus, the relative expression of various SR proteins may play an important role in alternative splicing regulation. HRS/SRp40, an SR protein and delayed early gene in liver regeneration, can mediate alternative splicing of fibronectin mRNA. Here we determined that transcription of the HRS/SRp40 gene is induced about 5-fold during liver regeneration, similar to the level of steady-state mRNA. We found that both mouse and human HRS promoters lack TATA and CAAT boxes. The mouse promoter region from -130 to -18, which contains highly conserved GA-binding protein (GABP) and YY1 binding sites, conferred high transcriptional activity. While GABPalpha/GABPbeta heterodimer transactivated the HRS promoter, YY1 functioned as a repressor. During liver regeneration, the relative amount of GABPalpha/GABPbeta heterodimer increased 3-fold, and YY1 changed little, which could partially account for the increase in HRS gene transcription. Interleukin-6, a critical mitogenic component of liver regeneration, was able to relieve the repressive activity of the YY1 site within the HRS promoter. The combined effect of small changes in the level of existing transcription factors and mitogenic signals may explain the transcriptional activation of the HRS gene during cell growth.
Mpv17-like protein (M-LP) is a protein that has been suggested to be involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species. To elucidate the molecular basis of M-LP expression, we recently searched for regulatory elements of M-LP and identified a novel mouse KRAB-containing protein, Rhit (regulator of heat-induced transcription), as a repressor of the transcriptional regulation of M-LP. In this study, we identified zinc-finger protein 205 as a candidate human Rhit (RhitH) and subsequently confirmed its participation in transcriptional regulation of human M-LP (M-LPH). To clarify the functions of RhitH and M-LPH, we searched for cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region of RhitH and identified two transcription factors: forkhead box D3, as a negative regulatory element, and GA-binding protein, one of the key regulators of the mitochondrial electron transport system, as a positive regulatory element. Additionally, it was demonstrated that knockdown of RhitH or overexpression of M-LPH reduces the generation of intracellular H(2)O(2) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by an inhibitor of the respiratory chain, antimycin A. These results suggest that M-LPH functions to protect cells from oxidative stress and/or initiation of the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade under stressed conditions.
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcriptiondefinition[GO:0001228]
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in the transcription regulatory region for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to activate or increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNAP II promoter.
Mpv17-like protein (M-LP) is a protein that has been suggested to be involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species. To elucidate the molecular basis of M-LP expression, we recently searched for regulatory elements of M-LP and identified a novel mouse KRAB-containing protein, Rhit (regulator of heat-induced transcription), as a repressor of the transcriptional regulation of M-LP. In this study, we identified zinc-finger protein 205 as a candidate human Rhit (RhitH) and subsequently confirmed its participation in transcriptional regulation of human M-LP (M-LPH). To clarify the functions of RhitH and M-LPH, we searched for cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region of RhitH and identified two transcription factors: forkhead box D3, as a negative regulatory element, and GA-binding protein, one of the key regulators of the mitochondrial electron transport system, as a positive regulatory element. Additionally, it was demonstrated that knockdown of RhitH or overexpression of M-LPH reduces the generation of intracellular H(2)O(2) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by an inhibitor of the respiratory chain, antimycin A. These results suggest that M-LPH functions to protect cells from oxidative stress and/or initiation of the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade under stressed conditions.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
E4TF1 was originally identified as one of the transcription factors responsible for adenovirus E4 gene transcription. It is composed of two subunits, a DNA binding protein with a molecular mass of 60 kDa and a 53-kDa transcription-activating protein. Heterodimerization of these two subunits is essential for the protein to function as a transcription factor. In this study, we identified a new E4TF1 subunit, designated E4TF1-47, which has no DNA binding activity but can associate with E4TF1-60. We then cloned the cDNAs for each of the E4TF1 subunits. E4TF1 was purified, and the partial amino acid sequence of each subunit was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of each cDNA clone revealed that E4TF1-60 had an ETS domain, which is a DNA binding domain common to ets-related transcription factors. E4TF1-53 had four tandemly repeated notch-ankyrin motifs. The putative cDNA of E4TF1-47 coded almost the same amino acid sequences as E4TF1-53. Three hundred and thirty-two amino acids of the N termini of E4TF1-47 and -53 were identical except for one amino acid insertion in E4TF1-53, and they differ from each other at the C terminus. These three recombinant cDNA clones were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the proteins behaved in the same manner as purified proteins in a gel retardation assay. Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were highly homologous to GABP-alpha and -beta, which is further supported by the observation that GABP-specific antibody can recognize human E4TF1.
Exon trapping/amplification was used to clone portions of genes from human chromosome 21. One trapped sequence showed complete homology with nucleotide sequence D13318 of GenBank, which corresponds to the gene for human transcription factor E4TF1-60 (HGMW-approved nomenclature GABPA). We mapped this gene to human chromosome 21 by FISH, somatic cell hybrids, and hybridization to chromosome 21-specific YACs. The GABPA gene localizes to YACs 816B7 and 848G1 of the Chumakov et al. (Nature 359: 380, 1992) YAC contig, near the APP gene in 21q21-q22.1. This transcription factor, which is an ETS-related DNA-binding protein and forms heterodimers with other polypeptides, may contribute in a gene dosage-dependent manner to the phenotype of Down syndrome.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a activating transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
E4TF1 was originally identified as one of the transcription factors responsible for adenovirus E4 gene transcription. It is composed of two subunits, a DNA binding protein with a molecular mass of 60 kDa and a 53-kDa transcription-activating protein. Heterodimerization of these two subunits is essential for the protein to function as a transcription factor. In this study, we identified a new E4TF1 subunit, designated E4TF1-47, which has no DNA binding activity but can associate with E4TF1-60. We then cloned the cDNAs for each of the E4TF1 subunits. E4TF1 was purified, and the partial amino acid sequence of each subunit was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of each cDNA clone revealed that E4TF1-60 had an ETS domain, which is a DNA binding domain common to ets-related transcription factors. E4TF1-53 had four tandemly repeated notch-ankyrin motifs. The putative cDNA of E4TF1-47 coded almost the same amino acid sequences as E4TF1-53. Three hundred and thirty-two amino acids of the N termini of E4TF1-47 and -53 were identical except for one amino acid insertion in E4TF1-53, and they differ from each other at the C terminus. These three recombinant cDNA clones were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the proteins behaved in the same manner as purified proteins in a gel retardation assay. Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were highly homologous to GABP-alpha and -beta, which is further supported by the observation that GABP-specific antibody can recognize human E4TF1.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 35208-35215 (1998)[PubMed:9857059]
Arg-Ser-rich domain-containing proteins (SR proteins), a family of splicing factors, can regulate pre-mRNA alternative splicing in a concentration dependent manner. Thus, the relative expression of various SR proteins may play an important role in alternative splicing regulation. HRS/SRp40, an SR protein and delayed early gene in liver regeneration, can mediate alternative splicing of fibronectin mRNA. Here we determined that transcription of the HRS/SRp40 gene is induced about 5-fold during liver regeneration, similar to the level of steady-state mRNA. We found that both mouse and human HRS promoters lack TATA and CAAT boxes. The mouse promoter region from -130 to -18, which contains highly conserved GA-binding protein (GABP) and YY1 binding sites, conferred high transcriptional activity. While GABPalpha/GABPbeta heterodimer transactivated the HRS promoter, YY1 functioned as a repressor. During liver regeneration, the relative amount of GABPalpha/GABPbeta heterodimer increased 3-fold, and YY1 changed little, which could partially account for the increase in HRS gene transcription. Interleukin-6, a critical mitogenic component of liver regeneration, was able to relieve the repressive activity of the YY1 site within the HRS promoter. The combined effect of small changes in the level of existing transcription factors and mitogenic signals may explain the transcriptional activation of the HRS gene during cell growth.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
IEAOrtholog Compara
Negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoterdefinition[GO:0000122]‹silver
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
IEAOrtholog Compara
Positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoterdefinition[GO:0045944]
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 35208-35215 (1998)[PubMed:9857059]
Arg-Ser-rich domain-containing proteins (SR proteins), a family of splicing factors, can regulate pre-mRNA alternative splicing in a concentration dependent manner. Thus, the relative expression of various SR proteins may play an important role in alternative splicing regulation. HRS/SRp40, an SR protein and delayed early gene in liver regeneration, can mediate alternative splicing of fibronectin mRNA. Here we determined that transcription of the HRS/SRp40 gene is induced about 5-fold during liver regeneration, similar to the level of steady-state mRNA. We found that both mouse and human HRS promoters lack TATA and CAAT boxes. The mouse promoter region from -130 to -18, which contains highly conserved GA-binding protein (GABP) and YY1 binding sites, conferred high transcriptional activity. While GABPalpha/GABPbeta heterodimer transactivated the HRS promoter, YY1 functioned as a repressor. During liver regeneration, the relative amount of GABPalpha/GABPbeta heterodimer increased 3-fold, and YY1 changed little, which could partially account for the increase in HRS gene transcription. Interleukin-6, a critical mitogenic component of liver regeneration, was able to relieve the repressive activity of the YY1 site within the HRS promoter. The combined effect of small changes in the level of existing transcription factors and mitogenic signals may explain the transcriptional activation of the HRS gene during cell growth.
Mpv17-like protein (M-LP) is a protein that has been suggested to be involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species. To elucidate the molecular basis of M-LP expression, we recently searched for regulatory elements of M-LP and identified a novel mouse KRAB-containing protein, Rhit (regulator of heat-induced transcription), as a repressor of the transcriptional regulation of M-LP. In this study, we identified zinc-finger protein 205 as a candidate human Rhit (RhitH) and subsequently confirmed its participation in transcriptional regulation of human M-LP (M-LPH). To clarify the functions of RhitH and M-LPH, we searched for cis-regulatory elements in the promoter region of RhitH and identified two transcription factors: forkhead box D3, as a negative regulatory element, and GA-binding protein, one of the key regulators of the mitochondrial electron transport system, as a positive regulatory element. Additionally, it was demonstrated that knockdown of RhitH or overexpression of M-LPH reduces the generation of intracellular H(2)O(2) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by an inhibitor of the respiratory chain, antimycin A. These results suggest that M-LPH functions to protect cells from oxidative stress and/or initiation of the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade under stressed conditions.
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
E4TF1 was originally identified as one of the transcription factors responsible for adenovirus E4 gene transcription. It is composed of two subunits, a DNA binding protein with a molecular mass of 60 kDa and a 53-kDa transcription-activating protein. Heterodimerization of these two subunits is essential for the protein to function as a transcription factor. In this study, we identified a new E4TF1 subunit, designated E4TF1-47, which has no DNA binding activity but can associate with E4TF1-60. We then cloned the cDNAs for each of the E4TF1 subunits. E4TF1 was purified, and the partial amino acid sequence of each subunit was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of each cDNA clone revealed that E4TF1-60 had an ETS domain, which is a DNA binding domain common to ets-related transcription factors. E4TF1-53 had four tandemly repeated notch-ankyrin motifs. The putative cDNA of E4TF1-47 coded almost the same amino acid sequences as E4TF1-53. Three hundred and thirty-two amino acids of the N termini of E4TF1-47 and -53 were identical except for one amino acid insertion in E4TF1-53, and they differ from each other at the C terminus. These three recombinant cDNA clones were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the proteins behaved in the same manner as purified proteins in a gel retardation assay. Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were highly homologous to GABP-alpha and -beta, which is further supported by the observation that GABP-specific antibody can recognize human E4TF1.
Protein involved in the transfer of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) by DNA-directed RNA polymerase. In the case of some RNA viruses, protein involved in the transfer of genetic information from RNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) by RNA-directed RNA polymerase.
A reference proteome is a set of protein sequences derived from a complete proteome which constitutes a defined standard for a particular user community. Reference proteomes are manually defined according to a number of criteria. They cover the proteomes of well- studied model organisms and other proteomes of interest for biomedical and biotechnological research. Reference proteomes have been selected to provide broad coverage of the tree of life, and constitute a representative cross-section of the taxonomic diversity to be found within UniProtKB.
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