To find additional members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein family in human, the bioinformatic tools provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information was used for homology searches through databases. We report the identification and cloning of a new, fourth member in the achaete-scute complex family of genes, Hash4 or Ascl4, which maps to chromosome 12q24.1. The bHLH domain of the putative HASH4 protein shows most identity to HASH3/ASCL3. The expression of Hash4 and Hash3 was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in a panel of different human tissues and cells. Expression of Hash3 was detected in all samples tested, while the expression of Hash4 was restricted to skin. Quantification of the Hash4 expression by real-time PCR revealed a 7-fold higher expression in fetal skin compared to adult skin. Our results suggest HASH4 to be involved in skin development.
To find additional members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein family in human, the bioinformatic tools provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information was used for homology searches through databases. We report the identification and cloning of a new, fourth member in the achaete-scute complex family of genes, Hash4 or Ascl4, which maps to chromosome 12q24.1. The bHLH domain of the putative HASH4 protein shows most identity to HASH3/ASCL3. The expression of Hash4 and Hash3 was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in a panel of different human tissues and cells. Expression of Hash3 was detected in all samples tested, while the expression of Hash4 was restricted to skin. Quantification of the Hash4 expression by real-time PCR revealed a 7-fold higher expression in fetal skin compared to adult skin. Our results suggest HASH4 to be involved in skin development.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
To find additional members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein family in human, the bioinformatic tools provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information was used for homology searches through databases. We report the identification and cloning of a new, fourth member in the achaete-scute complex family of genes, Hash4 or Ascl4, which maps to chromosome 12q24.1. The bHLH domain of the putative HASH4 protein shows most identity to HASH3/ASCL3. The expression of Hash4 and Hash3 was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in a panel of different human tissues and cells. Expression of Hash3 was detected in all samples tested, while the expression of Hash4 was restricted to skin. Quantification of the Hash4 expression by real-time PCR revealed a 7-fold higher expression in fetal skin compared to adult skin. Our results suggest HASH4 to be involved in skin development.
Protein involved in the transfer of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) by DNA-directed RNA polymerase. In the case of some RNA viruses, protein involved in the transfer of genetic information from RNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) by RNA-directed RNA polymerase.
A reference proteome is a set of protein sequences derived from a complete proteome which constitutes a defined standard for a particular user community. Reference proteomes are manually defined according to a number of criteria. They cover the proteomes of well- studied model organisms and other proteomes of interest for biomedical and biotechnological research. Reference proteomes have been selected to provide broad coverage of the tree of life, and constitute a representative cross-section of the taxonomic diversity to be found within UniProtKB.
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